$simple spiral fracture$

$simple spiral fracture$

It should be noted that the malleoli extend distal to the articular surface, and care must be taken not to place implants into talocrural joint space.

$simple spiral fracture$

Palpation of medial malleolus will help locate talocrural joint space.tibial tuberosity, fibular head) and placement of 25G needles at the proximal extent of tibia will help locate stifle joint space. Palpation of landmarks around stifle (e.g.Locating joint spaces (stifle and tarsal joints) is crucial in LP application in order to prevent inadvertent screw insertion into a joint.Arteries (such as the tibial and popliteal arteries) and nerves (such as the peroneal and cutaneous nerves) run along the lateral and caudal aspects of the tibia and fibula however, surgical lateral approaches are rarely required. The cranial branch of the medial saphenous artery and vein and the saphenous nerve pass obliquely across the diaphysis of the tibia, and care must be taken not to injure this bundle during surgical approach to medial diaphysis of the tibia. The medial malleolus is the proximal attachment of the medial collateral ligament of the talocrural joint. The distal part of the tibia is flared slightly and forms the distal articular surface and the medial malleolus. It curves from medial to lateral in the proximal one‐half and then from lateral to medial in the distal one‐half. All these surfaces blend into the tibial diaphysis, which is uniform in diameter but slightly S‐shaped. The proximal tibial metaphysis is relatively flat medially but is concave both laterally and caudally. The proximal half of the tibia is three‐sided proximally (medial, lateral, and caudal surfaces), whereas the distal half is essentially cylindrical and the entire medial part of the distal extremity of the tibia forms the medial malleolus. The medullary cavity of the feline tibia appears to be more uniform in diameter than in dogs, but no other substantial differences have been noted. The anatomy of the tibia in cats is similar to that of dogs. Wide variation in the length and shape of the tibia and fibula is seen among canine breeds. Anatomical landmarks are relatively easy to palpate in the tibia, and identification of the joint space is crucial in LP application to prevent inadvertent insertion of screws into the joints, as the majority of LP systems employ fixed‐angle designs for screw placement. However, due to the tibia’s sigmoid shape, adequate contouring is often necessary to prevent postoperative limb deformity. For example, the medial aspect of the tibia has a nominal soft tissue envelope, and therefore minimally invasive plate application can be performed easily, especially when a locking plate is used in bridging fashion. The tibia has several unique anatomic features amenable to applications of locking plate systems. Tibial deformity (pes varus and pes valgus) treated with corrective osetotomy/ostectomy based on the center of rotation of angulation (CORA) methods.Revision of fracture repair complications including nonunions.Proximal or distal juxta‐articular fractures with a short segment of bone available for implant application.Diaphyseal fractures treated with a minimally invasive technique, often in a “bridging” plate function.The application of locking plate implant systems may have several significant advantages over conventional repair options, particularly in the following four specific situations: Locking plate (LP) systems can provide simple, reliable, and effective treatment of challenging tibial fractures, nonunions, and deformities. The overall prognosis following fracture of the tibia and fibula is generally good when appropriate treatment is applied. A variety of repair methods can be applied for tibial fractures, and the selection of repair technique depends on multiple factors, including the type and location of the fracture, the age of the animal, the presence of associated soft tissue defects and infection (particularly in open fractures), economic considerations, and the surgeon’s preference. Immediate immobilization of the crus is recommended and surgical treatment is often indicated. Tibia fractures often result from trauma, and the majority of tibia fractures are diaphyseal fractures. Section epub:type=”chapter” role=”doc-chapter”>įractures of the tibia are relatively common in dogs and cats, accounting for 10–20% of all fractures.

$simple spiral fracture$

Simple spiral fracture